Emission control systems

           To control the pollutants, the following types are followed.

            1) To lower the pollutants

            2) To spoil the pollutants

1) To lower pollutants

Control of hydro carbon

1) Low compression ratio.

2) To alter the design of combustion chamber.

3) To alter the design of piston.

4) Giving lean mixture.

5) Maintaining piston and piston ring functions.

2) To spoil the hydro carbon

1) More air supply to inlet manifold.

2) Using burner( Burning  HC ).

3) Using catalytic converter.

4) Reusing of crank case hydro carbon by latest methods.

3) Control of CO

To reduce the Co, the following methods are adopted.

a) 1. Closed loop control system for supply of sufficient air.

    2. Lean mixture supply.

    3. Over lap of value to the required  position.

b) 1. Using exhaust manifold reactor.

     2. After burner.

     3. Catalytic converter.

4) Control of oxides of nitrogen

  To reduce the pollutant, the following may be adopted

1) Mixing of non fired things with fire.

2) Re inducting the exhaust gas into inlet manifold.

3) By using catalytic converter, the nitric oxide can be removed in the exhaust.

5) Smoke Control

  To reduce the smoke, the following methods are used.

1) Running the engine with less load.

2) Good maintenance.

3) Mixing of barium salts with fuel.

4) Using catalytic Mufler.

Various methods of reducing emissions

1) Redesigning combustion.

2) Resetting valve timing.

3) Changing the cooling system.

4) Changing the fuel supply.

5) Positive crank case ventilation.

6) Exhaust gas recirculation.

7) Air injection system.

8) Catalytic converter.

1. Redesigning the combustion chamber

   lf formed combustion chamber should be reduced.

 The design of combustion chamber may be getting the lean air fuel mixture initially and secondarily the rich air fuel mixture.

This will reduce the hydro carbon.

Two inlet manifolds are designed to setting the engine for circulating air initially and then secondary passing the air fuel mixture, in order to make the complete combustions of air fuel mixture.

2) Resetting valve timing

        Between the exhaust and intakes strokes, the inlet and exhaust valves are made to open for a certain time is called as overlap.

Increasing the overlap the fresh charge is being presented with exhaust gas and reducing high temperature formation. 

So reducing nitric oxide emission.

3) Changing cooling system

       When designing the thermostat opening is at 94 c instead of 80 c. The engine operating temperature is increased .

 So complete  combustion of air fuel mixture is obtained. Pollutants are reduced